Breeding Freshwater Butterflyfish (Pantodon Buchholzi) In The Aquarium

Location

This freshwater species inhabits tropical, shallow, standing, or slow-flowing reservoirs abundant with vegetation in Nigeria, Congo, and Cameroon.

Body description

The body color is olive-brown with a light underside. The fish features distinctive fins and protruding nostrils on the head. All fins are elongated, adorned with brown dots forming stripes. The pectoral fins resemble butterfly wings, while the dorsal fin is narrow and rounded. The caudal fin resembles a small spade, and the rays of the pelvic fins are elongated, connected by a membrane. The male's anal fin displays an indentation.

Temperament and behaviour

This species tends to swim near the water's surface, hunting for food. It frequently rises for air, food, or to avoid danger, requiring a covered tank with space above the water surface. When hungry or facing a monotonous diet, it may consume small fish and can be aggressive toward other top-water species. The fish is primarily active at night, seeking refuge among plants during the day. Males establish territoriality and exhibit a social hierarchy.

Aquarium decoration

This species thrives in spacious tanks, longer than they are high. The aquarium should feature floating plants, a low water level, a gentle filtration system, and subdued lighting. Regular partial water exchanges are recommended.

Breeding

As an oviparous species, inducing spawning involves reducing the water level to around 10cm, simulating the rainy season. The aquarium water should be soft, slightly acidic, with a temperature of 29-30°C. Spawning occurs among plants, with the male taking the lead, swimming alongside the female, attempting to position above her. Courtship rituals persist for some time, followed by the male positioning behind the female, securing her with his fins. The female lays a portion of eggs, repeating the process over several days, with a potential yield of 100-200 eggs. The clear roe floats at the water surface and can be transferred to a separate tank. The roe darkens over time, and the eggs hatch in 2-3 days. The larvae descend to the bottom, and feeding should commence once they begin swimming. Ensuring water quality is crucial, with daily partial water changes (about 10%).